Humanitarian Situation Update #251 | Gaza Strip

The Humanitarian Situation Update is issued by OCHA Occupied Palestinian Territory twice a week. The Gaza Strip is covered on Tuesdays and the West Bank on Thursdays. The Gaza Humanitarian Response Update is issued every other Tuesday. The next Humanitarian Situation Update will be issued on 2 January.

Key Highlights

• Heavy rains and cold weather further deteriorate the survival conditions of displaced families, with tents flooded and damaged, and at least five newborns having reportedly died of hypothermia.
• Israeli forces raided and rendered Kamal Awan Hospital out of service, and the World Health Organization urges support to ensure that hospitals in North Gaza can become functional again.
• Recent water quality surveillance reveals alarming rates of microbiological contamination and a UN mission to displacement sites in Gaza city finds abysmal water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.
• Gaza’s fishing sector, which once supported 110,000 people, has incurred US$84 million in losses, as 72 per cent of fishing assets have been damaged.

Humanitarian Developments

• Israeli bombardment from the air, land and sea continues to be reported across the Gaza Strip, resulting in further civilian casualties, displacement, and destruction of civilian infrastructure. Rocket fire by Palestinian armed groups towards Israel has also been reported. In the North Gaza governorate, the Israeli military has imposed a tightened siege on Beit Lahiya, Beit Hanoun and parts of Jabalya since 6 October 2024. Visiting Jabalya on 29 December, OCHA OPT Acting Head of Office stated that the basics of human survival are being destroyed in Gaza. He noted that all attempts by humanitarians to reach besieged people in North Gaza over the past two months have been denied, except for a handful of missions that went ahead despite impediments. People in Jabalya continue to face appalling conditions, with continued airstrikes, hospitals being hit, health workers being killed, insufficient water and food, accumulation of solid waste, and sewage overflow. Between 6 October and 30 December 2024, the UN attempted to reach besieged areas in North Gaza 164 times; of these, 148 attempts received outright denials by the Israeli authorities and 16 were impeded.
• Between the afternoons of 24 and 30 December, according to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza, 203 Palestinians were killed and 574 were injured. Between 7 October 2023 and 30 December 2024, at least 45,541 Palestinians were killed and 108,338 were injured, according to MoH in Gaza. Casualty figures covering until the afternoon of 31 December are not available as of the time of reporting.
• Between the afternoons of 24 and 31 December, four Israeli soldiers were killed in Gaza, according to the Israeli military. Between 7 October 2023 and 31 December 2024, according to the Israeli military and official Israeli sources cited in the media, more than 1,593 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed, the majority on 7 October 2023 and its immediate aftermath. The figure includes 393 soldiers killed in Gaza or along the border in Israel since the beginning of the ground operation in October 2023. In addition, 2,521 Israeli soldiers were reported injured since the beginning of the ground operation. As of 31 December, it is estimated that 100 Israelis and foreign nationals remain captive in Gaza, including hostages who have been declared dead and whose bodies are withheld in Gaza.
• The following are some of the deadliest incidents reported between 24 and 29 December:
  • On 24 December, at about 18:00, nine Palestinians, including three women, were reportedly killed and others were injured when a four-storey residential building was hit in Jabalya, North Gaza.
  • On 24 December, three Palestinians, including two Civil Defense personnel and a fire truck driver were reportedly killed when a Civil Defense centre was hit near Al Sidra intersection in Ad Daraj neighbourhood, in central Gaza city.
  • On 25 December, at about 1:30, six Palestinians, including a boy, were reportedly killed and others injured when tents for internally displaced persons (IDPs) were hit inside a school in Ash Sheikh Radwan neighbourhood, in northern Gaza city.
  • On 26 December, at about 6:45, eight Palestinians from a single family, including three females, were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in As Sabra neighbourhood, southeast of Gaza city.
  • On 26 December, at about 13:45, six Palestinian, including a woman and her daughter, were reportedly killed and others injured when three houses were hit in Ad Daraj neighbourhood, northeast of Gaza city.
  • On 26 December, a day before Israeli forces raided and rendered Kamal Adwan Hospital out of service (see below), the hospital director reported that airstrikes on a building opposite Kamal Adwan had killed about 50 people, including five health care workers. The Israeli military, as cited by the media, has denied the reported airstrikes near Kamal Adwan on 26 December.
  • On 26 December, at about 19:30, 15 Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Ash Sheikh Radwan neighbourhood, in northern Gaza city.
  • On 26 December, five Palestinian journalists and media workers were reportedly killed when a press van belonging to Al Quds Today TV was hit in front of Al Awda Hospital in An Nuseirat refugee camp in Deir al Balah. The UN Human Right Office condemned the airstrike on the “unarmed and clearly identified” press members, adding that, although “the Israeli military has claimed they were affiliated with Palestinian armed groups ... affiliation alone would not remove their protection as civilians.” The Committee to Protect Journalists stated that with this incident “at least nine Gazan journalists have been killed in less than two weeks.” According to the Palestinian Journalists Syndicate, over 190 journalists and media workers have been killed in Gaza since October 2023.
  • On 28 December, during morning hours, ten Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Beit Hanoun, in North Gaza.
  • On 28 December, at about 4:40, nine Palestinians, including a girl and two women, were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Al Musaddar area, south of Al Maghazi, Deir al Balah.
  • On 29 December, the Israeli forces reportedly struck the upper floor of Al Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital in central Gaza city, resulting in seven people killed and others injured, according to Palestinian Civil Defense (PCD).
  • On 29 December, at about 14:00, seven Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Beit Hanoun, North Gaza.
  • On 29 December, at about 15:30, at least eight Palestinians, including three females, were reportedly killed and others injured when several houses were hit south of An Nuseirat New Camp, Deir al Balah.
• On 29 and 30 December, the Palestinian Prisoner’s Society announced the death of five detainees from Gaza while in Israeli custody: a 51-year-old father-of-four who was arrested by Israeli forces on 20 November 2023 and announced dead by the General Authority of Civil Affairs on 29 December 2024; a 44-year-old father of ten who was arrested on 15 November 2023 during his displacement from North Gaza and was announced dead on 29 December 2024; a 57-year-old father of eight who was arrested on 18 November 2024 during his displacement from North Gaza and reportedly died on 27 November 2024; a 52-year-old patient who was arrested from Kamal Adwan Hospital on 25 October 2024 and reportedly died on 3 November 2024; and a 58-year-old man who was detained while working in Israel on 7 October 2023 and reportedly died on 18 October 2023. According to the society, the number of identified detainees from Gaza who have died in Israeli custody has increased to 35. Separately, about 45 Palestinian detainees were reportedly released via the Kerem Shalom crossing on 27 and 29 December and were transferred to the European Gaza Hospital in Khan Younis for medical care. As of December 2024, according to data provided by the Israel Prison Service (IPS) to Hamoked, an Israeli human rights NGO, there are 10,154 Palestinians in Israeli custody, including 2,003 sentenced prisoners, 2,951 remand detainees, 3,428 administrative detainees held without trial, and 1,772 people held as “unlawful combatants.” These figures do not include Palestinians from Gaza who have been detained by the Israeli military since 7 October 2023 and their number remains unknown.
• Between 1 and 30 December, out of 569 planned aid movements requiring coordination with Israeli authorities across the Gaza Strip, 33 per cent (189) were facilitated, 39 per cent (224) were denied, 18 per cent (103) were interfered with or initially agreed to but then faced impediments, and nine per cent (53) were cancelled by the organizers due to logistical and security challenges. Movements facing impediments were accomplished either partially or not at all. Of the coordinated movements, 127 needed to cross from southern Gaza through the Israeli military-controlled checkpoints on Al Rashid or Salah ad Din roads to areas north of Wadi Gaza (including both North Gaza and Gaza governorates); of these, only 28 per cent (36) were facilitated, 34 per cent (43) were denied, 24 per cent (31) faced impediments, and 13 per cent (17) were cancelled. These include 60 attempts to reach the besieged area in North Gaza, of which 55 were denied and only five were allowed to proceed but faced impediments. Coordinated aid missions to areas in the Rafah governorate, where there has been an ongoing Israeli military operation since early May, have faced similar challenges. Thirty-six out of 38 planned movements submitted to the Israeli authorities to access Rafah governorate between 1 and 30 December were denied, one was facilitated, and one was initially agreed to, but faced impediments. This excludes 67 coordinated movements to Kerem Shalom crossing, of which 58 per cent (39) were facilitated, 31 per cent (21) were impeded, three per cent (2) were denied, and seven per cent (5) were cancelled.
• On 27 December, following escalating restrictions on access and repeated attacks on or near Kamal Adwan Hospital in North Gaza over 12 weeks, Israeli forces raided the hospital, with initial reports received by WHO suggesting that some areas of the hospital were burned and severely damaged during the raid, including the laboratory, surgical unit, engineering and maintenance department, operations theatre, and the medical store. Some patients, caregivers and health-care workers were reportedly transferred by Israeli forces to the destroyed and non-functional Indonesian Hospital, which had been evacuated by Israeli forces on 24 December. The majority of the staff, stable patients and companions were moved from Kamal Adwan “to a nearby location” and “some people were reportedly stripped and forced to walk toward southern Gaza,” WHO reported. As of 28 December, Kamal Adwan – the last major health facility in North Gaza – was completely empty and out of service, stressed WHO. On the same day, the Israeli military stated that its forces had arrested over 240 combatants using the facility and its surroundings. WHO reported that the Kamal Adwan Hospital’s director was detained, and his whereabouts were unknown, calling for his immediate release. On 29 December, a joint mission comprising OCHA, WHO, WFP, UNDSS and the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) reached the Indonesian Hospital, delivered basic medical and hygiene supplies, food and water to the facility, and evacuated ten patients. Four patients, including one in critical condition, were arrested by Israeli forces at a checkpoint during the transfer and only six reached Al Shifa Hospital in Gaza city. Presently, seven patients along with 15 caregivers and healthcare workers remain at the severely damaged Indonesian Hospital, which has no ability to provide medical care and no water, electricity or sanitation.
• Since early October 2024, WHO has verified at least 50 attacks on health on or near Kamal Adwan Hospital in North Gaza. Moreover, according to a 28 December statement by the director of Al Awda Health and Community Association, Al Awda Hospital in North Gaza is reportedly experiencing daily attacks near or on its premises, due to ongoing hostilities, which have resulted in the injury of seven medical staff, including the hospital’s director. The statement highlighted that the hospital is facing severe shortages of medical supplies and fuel and urgently requires food, water, blood units, and medical gases to continue providing essential services, noting that the shutdown and destruction of Kamal Adwan Hospital has “eliminated the last source of medical gas production” and severely affected vital services such as intensive care and neonatal incubators. “With Kamal Adwan and Indonesian hospitals entirely out of service, and Al-Awda Hospital barely able to function, and severely damaged due to recent airstrikes, the health-care lifeline for those in North Gaza is reaching a breaking point,” warned WHO, calling for urgent support to ensure that hospitals in North Gaza can become functional again.
• Between 28 and 29 December, the Israeli military issued two evacuation orders for all of North Gaza governorate and parts of Gaza city. Several evacuation orders had already been issued for the designated areas. The first order covered approximately 54 square kilometres in Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahiya and Jabalya in North Gaza and Sheikh Radwan neighbourhood in Gaza city, while the second order covered approximately 5.1 square kilometres in areas of Beit Lahiya and Jabalya that were not covered by the first order, in addition to Al Awdah neighbourhood in Gaza city. While thousands of families are estimated to have been affected by the orders, aid partners have tracked the displacement of 350 families from North Gaza to Gaza city between 26 and 29 December. Since October 2023, the North Gaza governorate has been placed under five major evacuation orders, with dozens of other orders issued for different parts of the governorate.
• As temperatures continue to plummet in Gaza, at least five newborns aged between three days and one month reportedly died of hypothermia in IDP tents in central and southern Gaza between 24 and 29 December, according to the MoH. Among them are a 20-day-old baby who succumbed to the cold in his tent in Deir al Balah on the night of 28 December, and whose twin brother remains in intensive care at the Al Aqsa Hospital according to media sources, and three babies who died due to the extreme cold between 24 and 26 December in their tents in Al Mawasi, in eastern Khan Younis, to which the Israeli military has instructed Palestinians to go. On 27 December, MoH also reported that an adult medical worker had died due to the extreme cold in the same location. Referring to the death of children due to cold and lack of adequate shelter, the UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa Edouard Beigbeder stated: “These preventable deaths lay bare the desperate and deteriorating conditions facing families and children across Gaza. With temperatures expected to drop further in the coming days, it is tragically foreseeable that more children's lives will be lost to the inhumane conditions they are enduring.”
• Only a trickle of tents and other shelter assistance continues to reach the Gaza Strip. Between 1 and 26 December, just 24 trucks carrying shelter items were able to enter central and southern Gaza, while 136 trucks entered northern Gaza, according to preliminary data by the Shelter Cluster. “Humanitarians are put in a situation where, because not enough aid is being facilitated into the Gaza Strip, we are having to prioritize food over shelter…[as] just last week there were women crushed at a bakery waiting for a piece of bread,” reported UNRWA Senior Emergency Officer Louise Wateridge on 20 December. Meanwhile, heavy rainfall continues to further deteriorate the survival conditions of displaced families. On 30 December, the Palestinian Civil Defense reported that it received hundreds of distressed calls from displaced people whose shelters had been flooded with rainwater in the previous two days, appealing for urgent support especially for families living in displacement sites in Gaza city, the Al Mawasi area of Khan Younis, western Deir al Balah and Rafah.
• Approximately 7,700 newborns lack access to life-saving care, warns UNICEF, as neonatal care capacity continues to shrink across the Gaza Strip, particularly in northern Gaza, which prior to October 2023 accounted for nearly 60 per cent of total neonatal hospital beds. In the North Gaza governorate, all neonatal care bed capacity in MoH hospitals has now been lost, while in the Gaza governorate, only two non-MoH hospitals continue providing newborn care amid major constraints –the Patients Friends Association Hospital and the Al Sahaba Medical Complex – with merely five neonatal beds available in each. Both facilities face dire shortages of incubators, high frequency ventilators, essential medications and supplies, and rely on a single oxygen plant in Gaza city, which lacks spare parts and is insufficient to meet rising needs. On 29 December, the Paediatric Director at the Patients Friends Association Hospital appealed for the urgent provision of more oxygen, warning that the facility is only receiving an average of 10 cylinders of oxygen a day, which places the lives of newborns at risk. With neonatal ICUs available only at these two hospitals, many families have been seeking urgent support in other facilities with inadequate resources, leading to preventable neonatal deaths. The situation is equally dire in central and southern Gaza; while 64 neonatal hospital beds are present cumulatively at the Nasser Medical Complex and at the European and Al Aqsa hospitals in Khan Younis and Deir al Balah, these facilities consistently operate far above capacity, with neonatal bed occupancy exceeding 100 per cent. There are also dire shortages of ventilators, equipment for phototherapy and continuous positive airway pressure, and life-saving supplies such as antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulin, total parenteral nutrition, and surfactants for neonatal care. Due to overburdened wards and compromised infection control practices, newborns are far more exposed to the risk of hospital-acquired infections, reports UNICEF, a situation exacerbated by the lack of neonatologists and the presence of only a few paediatricians with limited expertise in neonatal care.
• On 20 December, the UN conducted an inter-agency assessment mission aimed at identifying and addressing needs at four displacement sites hosting over 1,900 families in Gaza city, including three makeshift camps set up in December 2024 and a pre-existing UNRWA school-turned-shelter that received a new large influx of IDPs in recent weeks. Most households had been displaced from the North Gaza governorate over the past two months, fleeing on foot without any personal belongings and now struggling to meet even their most basic needs. Below are the key assessment findings:
  • Across all sites, there is a dire lack of latrines and hygiene supplies, growing sewage and solid waste accumulation, and open defecation was observed at two locations. At one makeshift site, people are forced to walk several hundred metres to another heavily congested IDP site to use a latrine. Due to insecurity and the lack of lighting, women and girls are forced to use containers inside their tents at night.
  • Access to drinking and domestic water is extremely limited. At one site, there is no domestic water supply and, across all sites, the shortage of jerrycans prevents IDPs from storing the scant quantities received from aid agencies. At three sites, the lack of generators and fuel is hampering the ability to operate water wells.
  • Only one site has received food assistance, while the other three have not received any type of food or nutrition assistance since their establishment in December 2024. Meanwhile, hot meals distributed at nearby community kitchens could only a reach a fraction of households and they rely on nylon and plastic as an energy source in the absence of cooking gas and firewood.
  • Three sites have no access to nearby medical points or basic medications, particularly affecting the health of babies, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and people in need of emergency services.
  • There are no temporary learning sites serving the large number of school-aged children, including separated and unaccompanied ones, at the four sites, but there is a community-led initiative ongoing at one site.
  • At the four sites, there is an urgent need for dignity kits, diapers for babies and the elderly, and infant formula.
  • People with disabilities, many of whom lost limbs or were otherwise injured in hostilities, reported severe mobility challenges due to the lack of infrastructure and assistive devices.
• Access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services continues to rapidly deteriorate in northern Gaza, warns the WASH Cluster. As of early October 2024, at least 75 per cent of WASH infrastructure in areas north of Wadi Gaza, with an estimated population of 450,000 Palestinians, were estimated to be damaged, and only 20 per cent of municipal wells were assessed to be partially operational, supplying just 10 per cent of the water produced prior to the escalation of hostilities in October 2023. Over the past few months, the entry of fuel supplies for the operation of key WASH facilities across Gaza has significantly decreased, reaching the lowest levels between 14 and 20 December when only 3,668 litres of fuel were received by WASH Cluster partners daily, representing five per cent of the 70,000 litres required daily at a minimum to meet critical WASH and public health needs, including water production and distribution, critical repair works and essential sewage and solid waste management operations. No fuel reached areas north of Wadi Gaza in the same period (14-20 December). Moreover, since the latest offensive launched by Israeli forces in North Gaza on 6 October, access to re-supply water production points in the North Gaza governorate and areas in eastern Gaza governorate, has been consistently denied by the Israeli authorities, according to the WASH Cluster, severely curtailing the ability of partners to support water pumping and distribution. As a result, residents, particularly thousands in the besieged areas of Jabalya, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanoun, have been entirely dependent on dilapidated private wells powered by solar panels, which produce limited and often unsafe water. In parallel, wastewater and solid waste management has increasingly collapsed in northern Gaza, due to the lack of fuel and equipment while critical infrastructure, such as sewage treatment plants, have either become non-functional or inaccessible, heightening contamination and disease transmission risks. In an urgent appeal for support issued on 30 December, the Gaza city Municipality stressed that 175,000 metres of sewage networks, 15,000 metres of stormwater drainage systems and all sewage pumps and stations have been destroyed across Gaza city, rendering drainage operations for stormwater and sewage nearly impossible at present. The risk of flooding remains high at the Sheikh Radwan storm basin, which urgently needs maintenance, fuel, and pipeline repairs.
• Emergency water quality surveillance recently conducted by the WASH Cluster reveals alarming rates of microbiological contamination. Between 1 and 23 December, out of 306 water samples collected from desalination units, water filling points, IDP sites, houses and health-care facilities in all governorates except North Gaza, 79 per cent lacked adequate quantities of chlorine and 19 per cent showed contamination by faecal coliforms, with this rate rising to over 21 per cent in healthcare facilities. Overall, nearly 73 per cent of drinking water and over 97 per cent of domestic water samples were not compliant with the minimum national or international standards for water chlorination, according to the WASH Cluster, because of limited access to water testing equipment, shortages of disinfecting consumables, and the overall disruption of the water quality control system. These challenges compound the already limited access to water across the Gaza Strip, where over one million people are estimated to lack access to the minimum 15 litres of water per person per day required for drinking, cooking and basic hygiene, according to humanitarian standards. Between 21 and 27 December, the Palestinian Water Authority and Coastal Municipalities Water Utility reported that, on average, 102,000 cubic metres of water were being produced daily, representing less than a quarter of the supply available prior to October 2023, but only a limited portion of this reduced amount in fact reaches people across Gaza, owing to an estimated 70-percent rate of water losses through the damaged distribution network and insufficient water trucking given the limited availability of trucks, insufficient and inconsistent quantities of fuel and access constraints.
• Demolition and detonation of residential buildings and blocks continue to be reported across the Gaza strip. On 26 December, the Palestinian Center for Human Rights (PCHR) reported that in recent weeks there has been a significant escalation in the widespread destruction of residential neighbourhoods and civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, roads, and electricity, water and sewage networks. “Entire neighbourhoods … have been rendered uninhabitable, reduced to mere rubble, compelling most residents to evacuate,” threatening the future, stability and survival of Gaza’s residents, according to PCHR. Destruction in northern Gaza and Rafah in particular has reached “unprecedented levels,” PCHR stressed, whereby Israeli forces have deployed “advanced weaponry, including explosive-laden robots to level entire neighbourhoods into rubble.”
• The Gaza fishing sector has incurred devastating impacts and catastrophic damage due to the ongoing escalation of hostilities. “In Gaza’s fishing areas now lie broken boats, torn nets, and ruined infrastructure, standing in stark contrast to the once-vibrant industry that supported thousands of fishers for generations,” said the Deputy Director-General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Beth Bechdol. According to a recent assessment by FAO, 72 per cent of fishing assets, including boats, aquaculture farms and fishing infrastructure including the Gaza city port, have been damaged, leading to losses estimated at $84.04 million and leaving fishers unable to catch high-value fish. While some fishers continue to work within less than one nautical mile from the shore using non-motorized boats, since October 2023, the Israeli authorities have banned sailing off Gaza's shore. Currently, only eight per cent of the workforce remains active, and over 67 fishermen have been reportedly killed. Additionally, the destruction of Gaza's two main aquaculture farms, along with the hatchery facility, has left the sector unable to produce alternative aquatic foods through aquaculture. This collapse has worsened food insecurity, depriving people of essential nutrients and posing long-term risks to Gaza's livelihood and sustainable food sources. Before the escalation, over 6,000 people in Gaza, including 4,200 registered fishers and boat owners, relied on fishing as their main source of income, and the sector supported a total of about 110,000 people.

Funding

• As of 31 December, Member States have disbursed approximately $2.53 billion out of the $3.42 billion (74 per cent) requested to meet the most critical needs of 2.3 million* people in Gaza and 800,000 people in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, between January and December 2024. For funding analysis, please see the Flash Appeal Financial Tracking dashboard. (*2.3 million reflects the projected population of the Gaza Strip upon issuance of the Flash Appeal in April 2024. As of July 2024, the UN estimates that approximately 2.1 million people remain in the Gaza Strip, and this updated number is now used for programmatic purposes.)
• On 11 December 2024, the UN and humanitarian partners launched a Flash Appeal for nearly $4.07 billion to address the humanitarian needs of three million out of 3.3 million people identified as requiring assistance in Gaza and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, in 2025. Nearly 90 per cent of those funds are for the humanitarian response in Gaza, with just over 10 per cent for the West Bank. The $4.07 billion ask is much less than what is actually needed to mount a full-scale humanitarian response, which would require $6.6 billion. However, the Flash Appeal reflects the expectation that aid organizations will continue to face unacceptable constraints on their operations in 2025. This will severely limit the amount of assistance that humanitarians are able to provide, which in turn will only increase the suffering that Palestinians are enduring. The appeal stresses that, to be able to implement the full scale of what is urgently needed, Israel must take immediate and effective measures to ensure the essential needs of civilians are met. This includes lifting all impediments to aid and fully facilitating humanitarian operations, including the distribution of essential goods to Palestinians in need.
• During November, the oPt Humanitarian Fund (oPt HF) managed 124 ongoing projects, totalling $91.7 million. These projects aimed to address urgent needs in the Gaza Strip (89 per cent) and the West Bank (11 per cent) and are strategically focused on education, food security, health, protection, emergency shelter and non-food items, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), coordination and support services, multi-purpose cash assistance and nutrition. Of these projects, 70 are being implemented by international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), 40 by national NGOs and 14 by UN agencies. Notably, 50 out of the 84 projects conducted by INGOs or the UN are being implemented in collaboration with national NGOs. Monthly updates, annual reports, and a list of all funded projects per year, are available on the oPt Humanitarian Fund webpage, under the financing section.

* Asterisks indicate that a figure, sentence, or section has been rectified, added, or retracted after the initial publication of this update.